How are xerophytes and hydrophytes adapted to their habitats?

      Xerophytes: thick waxy cuticle; minimize water loss; leaves are folded and reduced in size; to minimize stomatal transpiration; sunken stomata; to reduce rate of transpiration; thick/succulent leaves, side branches or stems; for water storage; shedding of leaves during the dry periods; to reduce surface area exposed for transpiration; reversed stomatal rhythm; prevent excessive loss of water; deep penetrating roots; to absorb water from deep below the surface; superficial roots; to absorb surface water run-off; leaves covered in scales/hairs; to trap a moist layer of air; to reduce the rate of transpiration; drought-resistant seeds; that remain dormant till favourable weather resumes; underground organs (corms/bulbs); for storage of water and reproduction; most stomata located on the lower leaf surface; to avoid exposure to direct light; to reduce evaporation; reduced number of stomata; to reduce the rate of transpiration; Hydrophytes: stomata on the upper surface of leaves; to provide a large surface area for gaseous exchange; and loss of excess water; poorly-developed roots that lack root hairs; to reduce/avoid absorption of water; aerenchyma tissue in leaves, stems and roots; to store air; and for buoyancy; deeply-dissected leaves; to provide a large surface area for absorption of light; highly-sensitive; and numerous chloroplasts; for photosynthesis; greatlyreduced vascular bundle; to avoid absorption of water; flowers raised above the water; to allow for pollination; lack of a cuticle or very thin cuticle; for faster loss of water;