(b) Name another conditions necessary for process J to take place
(c) Give the name of substance V
2. But-z-ene undergoes hydrogenation according to the equation given below
CH3CH = CHCH3 (g) + H2(g)-----------> CH3CH2CH2CH3(g)
(a) Name the product formed when but-z-ene reacts with hydrogen gas
(b) State one industrial use of hydrogenation
3. Write the structures of the following compounds:-
(a) But—2-yne
(b) 2,2-dimethylpropane
4. a)What is meant by Isomerism?
b) Draw and name two Isomers of butane.
5. Study the information in the table below and answer the questions that follow:
Q ……………………………………………………
R ……………………………………………………
6. Compound W reacted with chlorine to form compound X only. The structural formula of
X is shown below:
(a) Give the structural formula and name of compound W
(b) Name compound X ……………………………………………………………………
7. In petrol chemical industries, long chain alkanes are broken down in to simpler substances
in a process called cracking
a) Why is cracking necessary?
b) State the two conditions required in cracking
c) Draw the structure of 1-chloro-2, 2-dimethylpropane
8. In a reaction an alcohol K was converted to hex-1-ene
a) Name reagent and condition necessary for the reaction in 6 (a) above to occur
9. (a) Give the IUPAC systematic names of compounds Q and R
Q: CH2CHClCHlCH2CH3
R: CH3CHClCH2ClCH3
(b) The organic compounds Q and R in (b) above, are formed when one mole of hydrocarbon
N reacts with two moles of hydrogen chloride gas;
(i) Structural formula of N
(ii) The IUPAC systematic name of N
10. Distinguish between the isotopes and isomers
11. Polymerisation of ethene takes place as shown in the equation below
12. (a) State Gay Lussac’s law
13. 10cm3 of methane (CH4) gas is exploded with 150cm3 of air containing 20% oxygen
and 80% nitrogen. The products were allowed to cool to room temperature. What will
be the total volume of the gases at the end of the reaction?
14. Give the open structures of:-
(i) 3-chlorohex-l-yne
(ii) CH3OH
15. A fixed mass of gas occupies 105cm3 at -14ºC and 650mmHg pressure. At what temperature in
degrees Celsius will it have a volume of 15cm3 if the pressure is adjusted to 690mmHg pressure?
16. Write an equation for the reaction that takes place between ethene and concentrated
Sulphuric (VI) acid
17. Petroleum (crude oil) is a mixture of several compounds which are separated in a Changamwe
refinery by means of apparatus as shown below:
(ii) What is the name of the process which is used in separation of crude oil
(iii) What physical property of compounds in the mixture does the separation depend
(iv) Use the letter A to G to describe where the following could be formed:.
I. The fraction that represents gases
II. The fraction that represents the largest molecules
III. The fraction that represents liquids with the lowest boiling points
(b) State the use of product produce at
G………………………………………………………………………………………
C……………………………………………………………………………………….
(c) Draw apparatus for the separation of the product produce at D and water
18. Study the flow chart below and answer the questions that follow:-
(ii) To which group of hydrocarbons does the substance in (i) above belong?
(iii) Give two reagents that can be used to prepare the substance named in (i) above
(iv) State two physical properties of the substances in (i) above
(v) Give the names to the process in step I and 2
(vi) Write an equation to show how substance A is formed
(iv) Identify substance B ……………………………………………………
19. The diagram below represents a large-scale fractional distillation plant used to separate
the components A, B, C and D in a mixture
order; 282, 184, 44 and 128.
(a) (i) What is the physical state of B at the position marked Q?
(ii) Which component has an average relative molecular mass of 128? Explain
(iii) State with a reason whether C is pure or impure
(iv) Explain how the mixture is separated into its components
(v) Name two naturally occurring mixtures that are separated using this process
20. The diagram below represents a large-scale fractional distillation plant used to separate
the components A, B, C and D in a mixture
order; 282, 184, 44 and 128.
(a) (i) What is the physical state of B at the position marked Q?
(ii) Which component has an average relative molecular mass of 128? Explain
(iii) State with a reason whether C is pure or impure
(iv) Explain how the mixture is separated into its components
(v) Name two naturally occurring mixtures that are separated using this process
21. a) The table below gives information about the major constituents of crude oil. Study it and
answer the questions that follow:
atoms? Explain
ii) Name the process you would use to separate a mixture of petrol and diesel and explain how
the separation takes place
iii) Explain why the constituents of crude oil do not have a sharp boiling point
iv) Name the gas that is likely to be a constituent of crude oil and write its formula
b) i) What condition could cause a poisonous gas to be formed when kerosene is burnt.
Explain
ii) Give one use of bitumen
22. (a) The set-up below was used to prepare ethyne gas
(ii) Complete the diagram to show how the gas can be collected
(iii) Write an equation to show how the gas is formed
(iv) Complete the equation below: )
(v) What is the role of sand in the experiment?
(b) (i) Explain the meaning of esterification
(ii) Complete the equation below :
(iii) What type of reaction is occurring above
(c) Given the reaction:
F………………………………… N………………………………
(ii) Name the process represented above?
(d) Give one use of substance N
(i) Name another source of hydrogen apart from electrolysis of water
(ii) What conditions are necessary for step III to occur?
(iii) Write the equation for the formation of colourless gas Q
(iv) Give one use of nitric (V) acid
(b) State and explain the observations that would be made if a sample of copper metal is
heated with concentrated nitric (V) acid
24. (a) Give the systematic names of the following compounds:-
(i) Acidified potassium dichromate (VI) solution
(ii) Potassium metal
(c) Ethanol obtained from glucose can be converted to ethene as shown below:-
(d) Compounds A and B have the same molecular formula C3H6O2. Compound A librates
Carbon (IV) Oxide on addition of aqueous sodium carbonate while compound B does not.
Compound B has a sweet smell. Draw the possible structures of:-
(e) Give two ways how the disposal of polymers such as polychloroethene by burning pollutes
the environment
25. (a) Name the following compounds (CH3)3 C CH2 CH2 CH3
Use the flow chart below to answer the questions that follow:-
I. Gas S ……………………………………………………………….……. ( )
II. Gas P …………………………………………………………………
III. J ……………………………………………………………………….
(ii) Name the processes involved in the following steps:
I. Step I …………………………………………………………………………..
II. Step II …………………………………………………………………………….
III. Step III …………………………………………………………………………….
(iii) Write a chemical equation for the complete combustion of substance M
(iv) Name the condition and reagent in step III
Condition ……………………………………………………………………………………
Reagent …………………………………………………………………………………….
(v) Calculate the mass of salt R that would be formed by using 21.9 tonnes of N when it reacts
with excess sodium hydroxide ( C= 12.0 H= 1.0 Na = 23)
(vi) Draw the structure of polymer K
II. State one use of the above polymer
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(c) (i) Name the class to which the following cleansing agents belong:-
26. The molecular formula of a hydrocarbon is C6H14. The hydrocarbon can be converted into two
other hydrocarbon as shown by the equation below:
(ii) State and explain the observations that would be made if a few drops of bromine water
were added to a sample of X
(iii) Write an equation for the complete combustion of C3H8
27. (a) Give the names of the following
(i) CH3CH2CH3
(ii) CH3CCCH3
(b) Ethene is used in making polyethene bag in a process called polymerization
(i) Name the type of polymer that is formed when ethane polymerise
(ii) Describe a simple chemical test that can be used to identify ethane gas in the laboratory
(c) Study the information in the table below and answer the questions that follow:-
ii. Determine the molecular of a hydrocarbon with 5 carbon atoms and draw its structural formula
Molecular formula
Structural formula
(d) Study the scheme below and answer the questions that follow
Step I ……………………………
Step II ……………………………
Step IV ………………
(ii) Write an equation for the complete combustion of CH CH
(iii) Give two uses of CH4
28. Give the systematic names of the following compounds;
are not the actual symbols of elements.
|
Element
|
Number of protons
|
Melting point
|
Bpt oC
|
|
A
|
11
|
98
|
890
|
|
B
|
12
|
650
|
1110
|
|
C
|
13
|
60
|
2470
|
|
D
|
14
|
1410
|
2360
|
|
E
|
15
|
442
590
|
280
|
|
F
|
16
|
113
119
|
119
|
|
G
|
17
|
-101
|
-35
|
|
H
|
18
|
-189
|
-186
|
(i) State and explain the trend in melting point in A B C
(ii) Explain why the melting point and boiling points of element D is the highest
(iii) Explain why the element represented by letter E has two melting point values
(iv) Write down the chemical formula between element C and sulphate ions
(v) Name the chemical family in which H belong and state one use of the element
(vi) What is the nature of the oxide of the elements represented by letters C and F?
30. a) The table below gives information about the major constituents of crude oil. Study it and
answer the questions that follow:
atoms? Explain
ii) Name the process you would use to separate a mixture of petrol and diesel and explain how
the separation takes place
iii) Explain why the constituents of crude oil do not have a sharp boiling point
iv) Name the gas that is likely to be a constituent of crude oil and write its formula
b) i) What condition could cause a poisonous gas to be formed when kerosene is burnt.
Explain
ii) Give one use of bitumen
31. Study the information in the table below and answer the questions that follow
ii) Predict the relative atomic mass of the hydrocarbons with 5 carbon atoms
iii) Determine the relative atomic mass of the hydrocarbon in (ii) above and draw its
structural formula (H=1.0, C=12.0)
32. Substance “M” with a general formula C2Hy burnt in chlorine gas with a red flame producing
a cloud of black specks and colourless gas G.
(a) State the collective name for compounds which ‘M’ belongs
(b) With reason, state the identity of the black specks and colour gas “G”.
33. 2.63g of a solution of sodium chloride at 20.0oC was reacted with silver nitrate. After filtration,
washing and drying, 2.36g of silver chloride was obtained. Determine the solubility of sodium
chloride at 20.0oC . (Na=23, Cl= 35.5, Ag = 108)
(b) Determine the number of moles of carbon (IV) Oxide gas produced when sodium
carbonate reacted with dilute sulphuric (VI) acid (Molar gas volume =24dm3)
34. Write down all the isomers of but-z-ene and give their IUPAC names
35. (a) A hydrocarbon compound Z decolourizes bromine liquid in the presence of light but
does not decolourize acidified potassium manganate (VII). Name and draw the structural
formula of the eighth member of this homologous series
36. (a) What is meant by isomerism?
(b) Draw and name two isomers of Butyne
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