Biology revision

Below are a set of biology essay questions, click on the question to reviel the answers.

1. Explain the various ways in which a typical cell is adapted to its functions

2. Explain how the various specialized cells aremodified to carry out their functions in plants and animals

3. Describe how the mammalian body protects itselfagainst infections

4. How are the leaves of higher plants adapted to their functions?

5. Explain how the various teeth adapt mammals fornutrition

6. Describe what happens to a meal of oily beansand maize from the time of ingestion up to the time of absorption

7. Howare the small intestines in mammals adapted to their functions?

8. Outline and explain the various homeostaticfunctions of the liver in mammals

9. Explain why the following conditions are necessary for photosynthesis 
a) Carbon (IV) Oxide
b) Light
c) Chlorophyll
d) Suitable temperature and pH
e) Water

10. How is the ileum adapted to its functions?

11. a)What is homeostasis?

b)Name any three factors that must be maintained constant in mammalian bodies
c)Explain how endotherms respond to heat and cold conditions in their environment

12. Describe the route taken by water from the soilup to the evaporating surface of a plant

13. How is the mammalian heart adapted to its functions?

14. Describe double circulation in mammals

15. Describe the process of urine formation in the mammalian kidneys 

16. Explain the role of the following hormones during homeostasis

a) Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
b) Insulin
c) Glucagon

17. a)Distinguish between Diabetes mellitus and Diabetes insipidus 
b) Explain how mammalian bodies regulate glucose and protein levels in their blood

18. Explain how the various abiotic factors mayaffect plants 

19. Discuss the causes, effects and control measures for water pollution

20. How are xerophytes and hydrophytes adapted to their habitats?

21. Outline the differences between wind and insect pollinated flowers

22. Describe what happens in a flower from the time of pollination up to the time of seed and fruit development

23. Discuss the adaptations of the female reproductive system of humans

24. Describe the process of gaseous exchange in terrestrial plants

25. How is the mammalian gaseous exchange system adapted to its functions?

26. Describe the structure and function of the mammalian skin

27. Describe the role of the following hormones in the menstrual cycle 
a) Luteinising Hormone (LH)
b) Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
c) Oestrogen
d) Progesterone

28. a) What is secondary growth? 
b) Describe the process of secondary thickening in a woody stem

29. Discuss the various mechanisms of opening and closing of stomata

30. a) What is natural selection? 
b) Discuss three examples of natural selection in action

31. Discuss Lamarck’s and Darwin’s theories of evolution

32. a) Explain how the following blood cells are adapted to their functions 
i) Red Blood Cell
ii) White blood cell
b) Explain the different ways in which Carbon (IV) Oxide is transported by blood

33. Describe how the following vertebrae are adapted to their functions 
a) Atlas
b) Axis
c) Lumbar
d) Thoracic

34. a) Why is locomotion necessary in higher animals? 
b) Explain how bony fish are adapted to their habitats

35. Describe how the various supportive tissues in plants adapt them to their habitats

36. a) What is a reflex action? 
b) Outline the activities that occur in the body when one touches a hot object

37. Describe the nitrogen cycle

38. Discuss how the various tropisms adapt plants to their habitats

39. Discuss the various evidences of organic evolution

40. Describe the structure and functions of the various parts of the mammalian ear

41. Discuss the various ways employed by preys to avoid the predators

42. a) What is meant by the term symbiosis? 
b) Describe five types of symbiotic relationships in a natural ecosystem

43. a) Describe the adaptations of Schistosoma spp to their parasitic mode of life

b) Outline five measures that can be employed to prevent andcontrol the spread of the parasite

44. Describe the process of mitosis 

45. Discuss the various mechanisms that hinder self-pollination and self-fertilisation in plants

46. How are seeds and fruits of plants adapted to their mode of dispersal?

47. a) Distinguish between mutations, mutants and mutagens 
b) Give two causes of mutations 
c) Describe the causes and effects of chromosomal mutations

48. a) What is transpiration? 
b) Explain how the various environmental factors affect the rate of transpiration

49. How is the mammalian eye adapted to its functions?

50. Discuss the role of the various hormones in plant growth and development

51. Explain how the process of evolution may result to the formation of a new species

52. Discuss the various ways in which anaerobic respiration is utilized in industries and homes

53. a) What is digestion? 

b) What is the importance of a balance diet in human nutrition?

54. Explain the factors that affect enzyme activity

55. Discuss the adaptations of the male reproductive system of humans

56. Discuss the structure and functions of the various muscle tissues found in humans

57. State the economic importance of members of Monera and Fungi and for each economic importance name a suitable or appropriate organism

58. Describe the adaptations of the nervous system to its functions

59. Discuss the composition and functions of mammalian blood

60. Describe the defects that affect the mammalian eye and how they could be corrected