Thursday, 30 April 2020
Describe the process of mitosis
Occurs in somatic/body
cells; through five main stages/phases: Interphase/Resting stage; intense internal
activities occur in the cell at this stage in preparation for the division; the
activities include; replication of each chromosome to multiply genetic material
to retain chromosomal number in daughter cells; chromosomes appear as a diffuse
tangle of threads (chromatin); synthesis of new cellular organelles; build-up
of energy stores (ATP) to drive the entire cell division process; Prophase;
chromosomes become visible; as they shorten and thicken appearing as discrete
strands (chromatids) lying parallel to each other; in animal cells, centrioles
separate and move to opposite ends (poles) of the cell; they radiate from each
of the ends forming spindle fibres; nuclear membrane begins to breakdown;
nucleolus disappear; Metaphase; chromosomes migrate/move to the centre of the
cell; and align themselves along the equatorial plane of the spindle; they get
attached to the chromosomes, by their centromeres; nuclear membrane breaks
down and disappears; spindle fibres lengthen;
and attach to the centrioles at both poles forming asters; Anaphase; chromatids
separate at the centromere; shortening of the spindle fibres occurs; resulting
in the chromatids migrating to opposite poles of the cell; spindle apparatus
begins to disappear; Telophase; final stage where chromatids reach the poles;
become densely packed together and uncoil; a nuclear membrane forms around each
mass/set of chromatids (now referred to as chromosomes); cytoplasm divides into
two (cytokinesis); in animal cells, the cytoplasm divides by constriction of
the cell membrane; while in plant cells, a cell plate forms within the
cytoplasm and grows to separate the cell into two; spindle fibres disappear
within the cytoplasm; and nucleoli reappear in
the nuclei; of the two daughter cells formed at the end of telophase;
Subscribe to:
Post Comments (Atom)
No comments:
Post a Comment