Animal cells: Sperm cell; has acrosome
containing lytic enzymes; that digest the egg membranes for penetration during
fertilization; has a long tail; containing numerous mitochondria; to generate
maximum energy for propulsion/swimming in the vaginal fluid after ejaculation;
Red blood cells; are flattened, circular/spherical biconcave in shape; to
increase the surface area for packaging of haemoglobin; has haemoglobin; that
combines with respiratory gases; for transport to and from body tissues; White
blood cells; are amoeboid in shape hence able to change shape; to engulf
pathogens through phagocytosis; lymphocytes produce antibodies to fight
pathogens; Nerve cell; has extensions/dentrites; to receive and send
information for sensation; Ciliated epithelial cells; have cilia for propulsion
of mucus that traps dust and micro-organisms in the respiratory tract; Muscle
cells; elongated, striated and contractile; to bring about movement;
Plant
cells: Guard cells; bean-shaped; to regulate the size of the stomata allowing
gaseous exchange; and control water loss; has chloroplasts with chlorophyll;
for photosynthesis; Root hair cell; elongated; thin-walled; with dense
cytoplasm for absorption of water and mineral salts; Epidermal cell; thin; for
protection of inner tissues from mechanical and micro-organism attack; Palisade
cell; contains numerous chloroplasts with chlorophyll; for photosynthesis;
elongated; to increase surface area for trapping maximum amounts of light
energy; Meristematic cell; thinwalled; with dense cytoplasm; for primary and
secondary growth;
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