Thursday 30 April 2020
Explain how the process of evolution may result to the formation of a new species
For
a new species to be formed, a population of organisms must become completely
isolated or separated from others; over long periods of time so that any new
variations that arise will not therefore flow to the other population; there
are various isolation mechanisms: Geographical isolation; this is due to
physical barriers such as oceans/seas/deserts; Ecological isolation; a barrier
resulting from the occupation of different types of habitats from the original
type; it may be due to isolation for reasons of feeding/predation/breeding; as
well as environmental changes such as climate and vegetation; which may result
in a population living in different habitats; to become ecologically separated
from one another; Behavioural isolation; alteration of behaviour proceeding
mating; which include courtship behaviour/lack of attraction between males and
females in different populations; due to production of different chemicals or
pheromones or colouration/songs; Reproduction isolation; a barrier to
successful mating between individuals of a population; due to structural
differences in reproductive organs; as well as failure in
fertilization/incompatibility; Genetic isolation; even if fertilization takes
place; the zygote may be inferior/fails to develop; however if the zygote
develops, the offspring may be inferior or infertile/sterile;
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